Unit 1 introduction to power plants introduction to. Power is the basic necessity for the development of a country percapita consumption of electric energy is deemed as an index of the standard of living in a nation in the presentdayworld. It is the technique of using dam water falling from a height to turn the turbines of a generator. Hydroelectric power plant a complex of installations and equipment that is used to convert the energy of a stream of water into electrical energy. The dam is constructed on a large river in hilly areas to ensure sufficient water storage at height. Smaller plants with output powers less than 5 mw may have efficiencies between 80 and 85 %. Hydroelectric power plant article about hydroelectric power. Hydro electric power is cheaper as compared with a fuel burning plant. The characteristic components of a riverdiversion hydroelectric plant. The most common type of hydroelectric power plant is an impoundment facility. Hydro power plants tail water draft tube gate draft tube turbine main valve penstock air inlet inlet gate surge shaft tunnel sand trap trash rack self closing valve. Coming to hydropower plants, you might have seen many times in the media that some of the politicians say that we dont want a hydro power plant to be built. Introduction to the specifics of small hydro power plants shpp structure of the presentation 1. The dam is used in hydroelectric power plant to store the water.
Hydroelectric power plant article about hydroelectric. Hydroelectric power plant definition, principle, usage. Lecture series on energy resources and technology by prof. Hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants michele manno. The course contains the details of steam and gas thermal power plants, hydro power plants, nuclear power plants, along with solar, wind and geothermal energy power systems in addition to the direct energy conversion. In power house main function is to produce electrical power.
Electrical engineering department sanjay ghodawat polytechnic. Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. Tailrace section penstock power house surge tank original river bed spillway penstock dam intake structure reservoir top view crosssection. Whenever the dam stored the water, it provides suitable head to this stored water. Cost of generation per kwh for hydro station and thermal station are in the ratio 1. The firm has facilitated and commissioned two hydroelectric energy projects, with a capacity of 15,6 mw and 8,1 mw, via electric market license regulation. It was the first largescale, cascadetype development in the country and utilizes the bhavani river catchment area in the nilgiris mountains. Hydropower plants range in size from small systems for a home or village to large projects producing electricity for utilities. They feature compact and modular plugandplay hardware for easy installation and maintenance. In hydroelectric plants, with very little additional expenditure, it is possible to create a pumped storage plant, which over all helps the power system, because it can.
It is however difficult to extract power from low flow rates. Albars consulting hydroelectric power plant turkey 2 our client is a corporation assigned by the energy market regulatory board emrb for the purpose of energy production. In both cases a power source is used to turn a propellerlike piece called a turbine, which then turns a metal shaft in an electric generator, which is the motor that produces electricity. In both cases a power source is used to turn a propeller like piece called a turbine, which then turns a metal shaft in an electric generator, which is the motor that produces electricity. Additional smaller hydroelectric power units with a total capacity of 4,380 mw 1. Now, another beauty about hydropower plant is it is quick starting, unlike thermal power stations, where its takes 6 to 8 hours to start. In hydroelectric power plant collect the rain water through surrounding. In both cases a power source is used to turn a propeller like piece called a turbine, which then turns a metal shaft in an electric gene. Intuitive software, with advanced functions derived from more than 100 years of ge renewable energys hydro experience, enhances turbine processes, helping refine plant operation and reduce machine wear. It was the first largescale, cascadetype development in. However, tractebel energia operates a total installed capacity of 8,630 mw, since stakes are held by other investors in the consortia of four of these plants. Operating the plant is relatively inexpensive, as the plant is automated and have fewer manpower requirements as, say, a nuclear plant would need to field.
Hydropower equipment and generation stations nptel. Kothari, centre for energy studies, iit delhi for more details visit htt. Shanping hydro power plant, as well as the other units from the early hydro power generation era in taiwan, are considered to be the technological heritage of civil and mechanical engineering that. Mega hydro alcoa and many others will benefit from brazils newest power plant. Dec 22, 2016 applications of turbineshydroelectric power plants 1. Oct 24, 2008 lecture series on energy resources and technology by prof. The new power is coming from the estreito hydroelectric power plant, located on 1,300. Shanping hydropower plant, as well as the other units from the early hydropower generation era in taiwan, are considered to be the technological heritage of civil and mechanical engineering that. Lecture series on power system generation, transmission and distribution by prof.
Lecture2 introduction to renewable energy sources renewable energy sources derive their energy from existing flows of energy from ongoing natural processes, such as sunshine, wind, flowing water, biological processes, and geothermal heat flows. India is the 7th largest producer of hydroelectric power in the world. The turbines used in hydroelectric powerplants are water turbines which have water as their working fluid. Hydroelectric power comes from flowing water winter and spring runoff from mountain streams and clear lakes. First, the cost of the fuel needed to generate hydropower is miniscule because the process doesnt use any of the more common polluting fuels, such as oil, coal, or natural gas. Plant reliability comes thanks to ge renewable energys robust design and durable equipment. Introduction to hydropower engineering introduction. Hydroelectric power plant requires various components for. Sep 26, 20 this is important if the electric power generated is to be utilised at or near the plant site. A coalfired power plant uses steam to turn the turbine blades. Hydro power plant report, hydro power plant ppt download, hydro power plant pdf, hydro power plant, hydro power plant fundamentals, hydro power plant, hydro power.
First approximation of shpp layout and electricty generation 5. Hydroelectric power is the most popular green energy source for several reasons. So, the whole power generation has to satisfy this varying power load. Introduction to power plants run of the river in some areas of the world, the flow rate and elevation drops of the water are consistent enough that hydroelectric plants can be built directly in the river. Cassie modal, morgan solomon, britton tew, cameron gerhman, and caleblehner lres capstone 12092014 introduction greenhousegases are a product of combustion methods for energy production, and therefore there is a need to harness clean energy. One of the most widely used renewable source of energy for generating electricity on large scale basis is hydropower the power obtained from river or ocean water is called as hydropower. Chapter 5 main types of high head power plant developments power plants operating under a head higher than 50 m may be termed as highhead power.
Site selection of hydroelectric power plant in site site selection of hydroelectric plant following point we should keep in mind. Distance from the load centre power plant should be set up near the load centre, this will reduce the cost of maintenance of transmission line. Thermal plant needs one month of maintenance each year. Layout and working of hydroelectric power plant the above image shows the typical layout of a hydroelectric power plant and its basic components. Gas turbines and several other renewable energy sources virtual go cross them, as on when then time passes. The conversion efficiency of a hydroelectric power plant depends mainly on the type of water turbine employed and can be as high as 95% for large installations. Pdf hydro power plants, an overview of the current types. In case of high flow rates and relatively low hydraulic heads, it becomes impossible to. Hydroelectric power generation is one of many ways in which electricity can be generated. Intuitive software, with advanced functions derived from more than 100 years of ge renewable energy s hydro experience, enhances turbine processes, helping refine plant operation and reduce machine wear. The powerhouse of a hydroelectric development project is the place where the potential and kinetic energy of the water flowing through the water conducting.
Hydroelectric power characteristics of electric power plants initial cost of a hydroelectric plant is normally higher than that of a thermal plant producing almost the same amount of power. Hydroelectric power plant lecture dam hydroelectricity. This book is primarily based on theoretical and applied results obtained by the authors during a long time of practice devoted to problems in the design and operation of a significant number of hydroelectric power plants in different countries. Reactor concepts manual nuclear power for electrical generation usnrc technical training center 14 0703 hydroelectric plant electrical generator dam water inlet valve water outlet water turbine in a hydroelectric power plant, wate r, flowing from. Ppt hydro power plants powerpoint presentation free to. Combined with our fullservice offerings, we can ensure more flexible and more secured hydropower plant operations as well as maintenance at lowered costs.
High head power plant medium head power plant low head power plant. Indian institute of technology madras present nptel national. For that purpose the turbine or prime mover is mechanically coupled with. The sizes of hydropower plants are described below. Principal of hydro power plant the objective of a hydropower scheme is to convert the potential energy of a mass of water, flowing in a stream with a certain fall to the turbine termed the head, into electrical energy at the lower end of the scheme, where the powerhouse is located.
Hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants 1. Hydroelectric power plant, also known as water power is the power produced from the falling water, the fast running water, rain or metaled snow. The flow of river water should be able to accommodate this loss of water without affecting the production of electricity from the hydroelectric power plant. Plant reliability comes thanks to ge renewable energy s robust design and durable equipment. Hydroelectric dam 1 dam the dam is the most important component of hydroelectric power plant. China, as noted, is the largest producer of hydropower in the world. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Hydropower is the renewable source of energy since water is available in large quantities from rain, rivers, and oceans and.
Binq mining mining news lecture note classifications of hydro powe plant pdfppt. Banerjee,department of electrical engineering, iit kharagpur. In 2009, the three most heavily used sources for generating electricity were coal, natural gas and oil. Now, as we have understood the structure of the power plant, there, a. This course provides a simple understanding of the power plant engineering. Hydro turbine speed governing system ge renewable energy. There several important components of the hydroelectric power plant which we will go over in this brief and informative article.
Hydroelectric and coalfired power plants produce electricity in a similar way. Power system generation, transmission and distribution. Hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants michele manno department of industrial engineering university of rome tor vergata last update 220520 energy systems hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants 1. Here is the list of hydro electric power plants in india. Water, when it is falling by the force of gravity, can be used to turn turbines and generators that produce electricity. The mechanical energy is converted into electrical form and fed into the national grid system. The site selected should have transportation facilities of rail and road. A hydroelectric power plant with outlet diversion is used under conditions where there are considerable fluctuations in water level in the river at the diversion outlet, or for economic reasons. In hydro electric plant, the cost of generation being free. The principle the water conduits of a traditional high head power plant.
Ita hydroelectric power plant, machadinho hydroelectric power plant, estreito hydroelectric power plant and ibitiuva bioenergetica thermoelectric power plant. Nov 06, 2012 hydroelectric power plants mechanical design free download. Download the pdf version of the list of important hydro power plants in india. Hydro power plants hydro power plants the principle the water conduits of a traditional high head power plant arrangement of a small hydropower plant water intake dam. The maintenance and repair costs of a thermal plant are much higher than for a hydroelectric plant.
Analysis of reservoir based hydroelectric versus run of. The following diagram shows an outline of a hydroelectric power station. Hydroelectric dam 1 dam the dam is the most important component of. As of 30 april 2017, indias installed utilityscale hydroelectric capacity was 44,594 mw, or. The water passes through the plant without greatly changing the flow rate of the river. Hydroelectric energy is the most widely used form of renewable energy, accounting for 16 percent of global electricity consumption. A hydroelectric power plant consists of a sequential chain of hydraulicengineering facilities that provide the necessary concentration of water flow and create a head, as well as powergenerating equipment. The largest hydroelectric power plant with a pressure intake diversion is the nechakokemano plant canada, which has a projected capacity of 1,792 mw. Electrical engineering department sanjay ghodawat polytechnic, atigre hydroelectric power plant. This stored water is useful throughout the year to run the hydroelectric power plant. In hydroelectric power plants the potential energy of water is utilized to produce electricity.
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